-
1 GJÖF
* * *(gen. gjafar, pl. gjafar and gjafir), f. gift; skipta gjöfum við e-n, to exchange gifts with one; leiða e-n út (í brott) með gjöfum, leysa e-n á brott með gjöfum, to dismiss one with gifts (at the end of a visit).* * *f., gen. gjafar, pl. gjafar, later gjafir; dat. gjöfum: [Ulf. giba; A. S. gifu, geofu; Engl. gift; Germ. gabe, whence mod. Swed. gåfua, Dan. gave, and Icel. gáfa]:—a gift, Nj. 7, 163, Eg. 33, Fms. i. 296, iv. 105, x. 47, Bs. i. 76, 143, N. G. L. i. 8, passim: in mod. usage Icel. distinguish between gjöf and gáfa, using the latter of the gifts of nature, gifts of mind, cleverness, but gjöf in a material sense. The ancients were fond of exchanging gifts, which were either a part of hospitality or tokens of friendship; the former were munificent, the latter might be small, Hm. 51: at a feast (wedding, funeral, or the like) the host used to make gifts to all his more honoured guests at departure; the technical phrase for this was, leysa menn út með gjöfum, to dismiss with gifts; vóru allir menn með gjöfum brott leystir; hence útlausnir, departure from a feast, Sturl. iii. 268: a departing friend or visitor had to be dismissed with a gift (kynnis-gjöf, Fms. vi. 358). The gifts consisted chiefly of weapons and costly clothes; but favourite gifts were a steed (Bjarn. 55, 58) or oxen of a fine breed (Sturl. i. 106), hawks, tents, sails, white bears (Ó. H. ch. 114, Fms. vi. ch. 72–75, 100, Hung. ch. 2), in short anything that was rare and costly, görsimi, metfé. Again, friends had to exchange gifts, so as to cement their friendship, cp. Hávamál passim,—vápnum ok váðum skulu vinir gleðjask; gefendr ok endrgefendr erusk lengst vinir, 40; gjalda gjöf við gjöf, 41; geði skaltú við hann (viz. the friend) blanda ok gjöfum skipta, 43; glík skulu gjöld gjöfum, 45; sýtir æ glöggr við gjöfum, 47. Gifts were obligatory, and were a token of grace and goodwill on the part of giver and receiver. A gift when received was called the ‘nautr’ of the giver, e. g. a ring or sword presented by a king was konungs-nautr. The instances in the Sagas are very many, e. g. Eg. ch. 36, 81, Ld. ch. 7, 27, 43, 45, Sturl. passim, Glúm. ch. 6, 25, Vápn. p. 19, Hrafn. 23, Lv. ch. 14, 15, Ó. H. ch. 114, Har. S. Gilla ch. 16, Hung. ch. 13, 17, Páls. S. ch. 16, and last, not least, the curious Gautr. S.; the remark of Tacit. Germ. ch. 21, gaudent muneribus, sed nec data imputant nec acceptis obligantur, is only partly true; ást-gjafar, love-gifts; vin-gjafar, friend-gifts, cp. Gr. ξένια, Ó. H. 125; hefndar-gjöf, a fatal gift; Jóla-gjöf, a Yule present, Eg. ch. 70; sumar-gjafir, summer-gifts, on the day when summer begins.COMPDS: gjafalaust, gjafaleysi, gjafaskipti.
См. также в других словарях:
Data for Pluto's moon Charon — ▪ Table Data for Pluto s moon Charon mean distance from centre of Pluto (orbital radius) 19,640 km orbital period (sidereal period) 6.3873 Earth days eccentricity of orbit close to zero rotation period same as orbital period (synchronous)… … Universalium
Committee on Data for Science and Technology — The Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA) was established in 1966 as an interdisciplinary committee of the International Council for Science. It seeks to improve the compilation, critical evaluation, storage, and retrieval of data … Wikipedia
Committee on Data for Science and Technology — Das Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA) ist eine in Paris ansässige Organisation mit dem Ziel der Verbesserung von Qualität, Zuverlässigkeit und Zugänglichkeit von interessanten Daten aus allen Feldern der Wissenschaft und… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Planetary data for Uranus — ▪ Table Planetary data for Uranus mean distance from Sun 2,870,990,000 km (19.2 AU) eccentricity of orbit 0.0461 inclination of orbit to ecliptic 0.774° Uranian year (sidereal period of revolution) 84.01 Earth years visual magnitude at mean… … Universalium
Planetary data for Neptune — ▪ Table Planetary data for Neptune mean distance from Sun 4,498,250,000 km (30.1 AU) eccentricity of orbit 0.0086 inclination of orbit to ecliptic 1.77° Neptunian year (sidereal period of revolution) 163.72 Earth years visual magnitude at mean… … Universalium
Planetary data for Saturn — ▪ Table Planetary data for Saturn mean distance from Sun 1,427,000,000 km (9.5 AU) eccentricity of orbit 0.054 inclination of orbit to ecliptic 2.5° Saturnian year (sidereal period of revolution) 29.44 Earth years visual magnitude at mean… … Universalium
Planetary data for Jupiter — ▪ Table Planetary data for Jupiter mean distance from Sun 778,000,000 km (5.2 AU) eccentricity of orbit 0.049 inclination of orbit to ecliptic 1.3° Jovian year (sidereal period of revolution) 11.86 Earth years visual magnitude at mean opposition… … Universalium
Planetary data for Mercury — ▪ Table Planetary data for Mercury mean distance from Sun 57,910,000 km (0.4 AU) eccentricity of orbit 0.2056 inclination of orbit to ecliptic 7.004° Mercurian year (sidereal period of revolution) 87.9694 Earth days maximum visual magnitude 1.9… … Universalium
Planetary data for Venus — ▪ Table Planetary data for Venus mean distance from Sun 108,200,000 km (0.72 AU) eccentricity of orbit 0.007 inclination of orbit to ecliptic 3.4° Venusian year (sidereal period of revolution) 224.7 Earth days maximum visual magnitude –4.6 mean… … Universalium
Basic data for Pluto — ▪ Table Basic data for Pluto mean distance from Sun 5,910,000,000 km (39.5 AU) eccentricity of orbit 0.251 inclination of orbit to ecliptic 17.1° Plutonian year (sidereal period of revolution) 247.69 Earth years visual magnitude at mean… … Universalium
Planetary data for Mars — ▪ Table Planetary data for Mars mean distance from Sun 227,941,040 km (1.5 AU) eccentricity of orbit 0.093 399 inclination of orbit to ecliptic 1.850 20° Martian year (sidereal period of revolution) 686.980 Earth days visual magnitude at mean… … Universalium
